现在完成时复习讲解及练习（附答案详解）II

周琳老师

五．比较延续动词与瞬间动词
延续动词表示经验、经历；
瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
He has finishedthe work.　　他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)
I’ve known himsince then.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
注意延续性动词和短暂性动词的用法
1. 短暂性动词与短暂性时间(时间点)连用。如：

l Hejoined the Party three years ago. 他入党三年了。(他三年前入党的)

2. 用“It is/has been＋时间段＋since…”句型。如：It is/has been three years since I boughtthe book. 这本书我买了三年了。(从买这本书起到现在已三年了)
3. 用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”。如：
He has been in theGreener China for three years.----
He has been amember of the Greener China fot three years.他加入“绿色中国”已经三年了。
The old man died 4years ago.     ----The old man hasbeen dead for 4 years.   
He joined theParty 2 years ago.     -----Hehas been in the Party for 2 years.     
I bought the book5 days ago.     ---- I have had thebook for 5 days.
英语延续动词与非延续动词的转换
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn,work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live,stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
   表示时间段的短语有:
       for+一段时间:for 2years; since从句,since he came here;
       since+时间点名词,sincelast year, since 5 days ago;
       how long; for a long time等。
非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如pen, die, close, begin, finish, come, go,move, borrow, lend, buy等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;
例:He died 5 years ago.
延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换
leave --- beaway           borrow --- keep          buy --- have        
begin/start --- beon         die --- be dead          finish --- be over
open sth --- keepsth open    fall ill ---  beill         get up---be up
catch a cold ---have a cold  come here --- be here      go there --- be there
become --- be            come back --- be back      fall asleep --- be asleep
get to/arrive/reach --- be (in)  leave --- beaway from    get to know --- know
go (get) out →beout         put on→ wear
比较since和for
since 用来说明动作起始时间— “自从……”
for用来说明动作延续时间长度— “长达……”
I have lived here for more than twentyyears.
I have lived here since I was born.
My aunt has worked in a company since 1949.I have not heard from my uncle for a longtime.
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)
比较 have/has  been  to      have/has  gone  to   have/has  been  in
He went to Shanghai last week  上周他[做了一件事:那就是]去了上海
He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经)到/去过上海  [在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了]
He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了 [也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里]
He has been in Shanghai for 10 years. 他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了 [现在还在上海没有离开呢]
He lived in Shanghai for 10 years. 以前他在上海住过10年  [现在不在上海了]
延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化
1.He died 10years ago. --- He ____ ____ ____ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.
2. He borrowedthe book 2 weeks ago.       --- He ________ the book for 2 weeks.
3. He boughtthe motorbike a month ago. ---He ____ ____ the motorbike for a month.
4. He arrivedhere three days ago.  --- He ____ ____here since three days ago.
5. They turnedoff the light 2 hours ago.       --- Thelight ____ ____ ____ for 2 hours.
6. He left here2 years ago.       --- He ____ ____ ____ from here for 2 years.
7. The filmbegan 30 minutes ago.       --- The film____ ____ ____ for 30 minutes.
8. They openedthe door an hour ago.       --- The door____ ____ ____ for an hour.
9. They closedthe door an hour ago.       --- The door ____ ____ ____ for an hour.
10. He joinedthe army last year.     --- He ____ ____a ____ for a year.  
                                                           --- He ____ ________ the army for a year.
                                                            --- It ____ a year____ he joined the army.

浩浩妈+新+五

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雲妈

大家就是好哦

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